GitHub

GitHub Person

价格计划(免费版)

Free
- The basics for individuals and organizations

Unlimited public/private repositories
- Host open source projects in public GitHub repositories, accessible via web or command line. Public repositories are accessible to anyone at GitHub.com.

2,000 automation minutes/month
- Free for public repositories
- Use execution minutes with GitHub Actions to automate your software development workflows. Write tasks and combine them to build, test, and deploy any code project on GitHub.

500MB of Packages storage
- Free for public repositories
- Host your own software packages or use them as dependencies in other projects. Both private and public hosting available.

New Issues & Projects (beta)
- Community support
- 免费(个人)版支持无限个数的私有(或公有)仓库, 每月2000分钟的自动构建时长, 单仓库最大 500M.
- 查看详情: https://github.com/pricing
- CI/CD，全称：持续集成 (Continuous Integration) ，持续部署 (Continuous Deployment) ，是开发流程的自动化利器

Git

当前机器中有 id_rsa
远程 github 中已加载 id_rsa.public(settings -> Access -> SSH &GPG keys)

INIT

git init
- 在当前目录下建立 .git 目录
- clone 的目录在此目录下

git config --global user.name ldscfe
git config --global user.email [email protected]
git config --global color.ui true   # git status等命令自动着色

# git config --list

# 自动判断提交位置（clone多个库）
git config --global push.default matching

Repository

clone 远程仓库

# 需要在当前 repositories 下 settings/Deploy keys 中有相应 RSA publickey
# 客户端中 .ssh 中有相应的 id_rsa
git clone [email protected]:ldscfe/pangolin.git
.-OR-.
# 记录 token: Settings -> Developer Settings -> Personal access tokens -> tokens(classic)
git clone https://<Token Name>:<Token>@github.com/ldscfe/devudefj2.git

刷新

git pull

增加文件

git status           # 查看文件状态

git add $FN
git add .            # 所有

提交

# 需要 git add
git commit -m "comment content"
git push

去除文件&目录

# .gitignore
log/
target/
src/test/
.DS_Store
.gitignore

# 已 git add 的文件，在 .gitignore 中标识无效
git rm -f ${FN}      # 已 git add 的文件，删除后.gitignore 中标识有效

分支

# 分支之间切换、恢复文件、创建新分支等
git checkout <branch-name>           # 从当前分支切换到指定的分支 <branch-name>, 或主分支：master
git checkout -                       # 快速切换回前一个分支
git checkout -- <file>               # 将指定文件 <file> 恢复到最新的提交状态，丢弃所有未提交的更改
git checkout -b <new-branch-name>    # 创建一个新分支 <new-branch-name> 并切换
...
# 推送本地和远程都存在的同名分支
git config --global push.default matching

Creating remote repositories

git remote add ldscfe_cpp [email protected]:ldscfe/cpp.git
git remote add ldscfe_pangolin [email protected]:ldscfe/pangolin.git
git remote add ldscfe_udefpy3 [email protected]:ldscfe/udefpy3.git

#You can use the command git remote set-url to change a remote's URL.
git remote set-url <REMOTE_URL>

Public Effect

settings -> Danger Zone -> Change visibility

The code will be visible to everyone who can visit https://github.com
Anyone can fork your repository.
All push rulesets will be disabled.
Your changes will be published as activity.
Actions history and logs will be visible to everyone.

Example

DT=`date '+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'`
git add .
git commit -m "User-defined class libraries, $DT"
git push

之前最好用 git status 确认一下。

Error

RSA 证书无或错误

ERROR: Permission to XXX/XXX.git denied to deploy key
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
-.OR.-
[email protected]: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

repository 下 settings/Deploy keys 中有相应 RSA publickey
客户端中 .ssh 中有相应的 id_rsa(MacOS 使用 ssh-add)
不同的 repository 使用不同的 RSA publickey

分支冲突，本地版本陈旧

Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

丢弃本地分支内容

git reset --hard origin/master

首次推送

clone 后，首次 git push 出现:
No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.
Perhaps you should specify a branch.

未指定推送到哪个分支，一般发生在首次推送。

git push origin master

git init

fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

git remote add 时出现，原因：未 git init

repository 不存在或无权限

git pull 时出现:
ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository exists.