K8s 安装：修订间差异

2024年7月4日 (四) 09:52的最新版本

环境准备

关闭 selinux 及 firewalld
关闭 Swap

host

192.168.0.158   np0
192.168.0.229   np1
192.168.0.249   np2
192.168.0.148   np3

设置网桥参数

cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
user.max_user_namespaces=28633
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf

配置支持 IPVS

加载 ip_vs 内核模块。kube-proxy 通过采用 iptables + ipset + ipvs 的方式实现为符合条件的 Pod 提供负载均衡。否则 kube-proxy 会退回到 iptables 模式。

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ip_vs.conf << EOF 
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh
modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4

导入模块

cat << EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

lsmod | grep overlay
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

部署 Containerd

创建容器工具

wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.4/runc.amd64
install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc

容器间网络通信

wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.2.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar Cxzvf /opt/cni/bin cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz

Containerd

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.14/containerd-1.7.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar Cxzvf /usr/local containerd-1.7.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.service -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable containerd

mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

cd /etc/containerd/
cp config.toml config.toml.orig
vi config.toml
 [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true	# false 修改为 true
 [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    # sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9"
    sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
 [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
    endpoint = ["http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."*"]
    endpoint = ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]

systemctl restart containerd
netstat -nlput | grep containerd

kubernetes

repo

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# yum list kubelet --showduplicates

yum install kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
此时状态不正常，等到 init 或 join 后，状态正常。

master

INIT

安装 calico 网络插件需要 pod-network-cidr

kubeadm init \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=1.28.2 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.249 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.2.0.0/16

apiserver-advertise-address: master 主机 IP 地址
service-cidr: 内部 service 使用 IP 范围，不可与 pod 及 master 重复
pod-network-cidr: k8s pod 节点之间网络通信使用 IP 范围

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.249:6443 --token z1q425.gy4kgpp491c8nkq2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0b02fa4069856afb9d17dba76527b7e7c630d799cc3c00c3cc36c8beaec0128c

calico

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kube-flannel

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
修改 net-conf.json:Network 与 pod-network-cidr 保持一致。
  "Network": "10.2.0.0/16",

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

Node

kubectl get cs
kubectl get node

kubectl label node ${NODE} node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
kubectl label node ${NODE} node-role.kubernetes.io/master=master
kubectl label node ${NODE} node-role.kubernetes.io/worker-

Node Join

kubeadm join 192.168.0.249:6443 --token z1q425.gy4kgpp491c8nkq2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0b02fa4069856afb9d17dba76527b7e7c630d799cc3c00c3cc36c8beaec0128c

Node delete

kubectl drain ${NODE} --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
kubectl delete node ${NODE}

GUI

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml 
kubectl proxy --address=0.0.0.0 --port=18001 --accept-hosts='^*$' &

http://192.168.0.158:18001/
http://192.168.0.158:18001/api
http://192.168.0.158:18001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login

Getting a Bearer Token for ServiceAccount

Creating a Service Account

# y1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

Creating a ClusterRoleBinding

# y2.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

Creating a token

kubectl -n kube-system create token admin-user

Getting a long-lived Bearer Token for ServiceAccount

# y3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "admin-user"   
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token  

kubectl get secret admin-user -n kube-system -o jsonpath={".data.token"} | base64 -d

Remove the admin ServiceAccount and ClusterRoleBinding

kubectl -n kube-system delete serviceaccount admin-user kubectl -n kube-system delete clusterrolebinding admin-user

kubelet Guide

Create token

# Expires 24h
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

kubectl info

NODE=node3
# ENV(master): scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ${NODE}:/root/.kube/confi

kubectl version --client
kubectl version --client --output=yaml
kubectl get apiservices

kubectl get cs
kubectl get node
kubectl describe node
kubectl describe node nginx-deployment-86dcfdf4c6-5d47c
kubectl describe deployment nginx-deployment

kubectl get pods
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

暴露服务

kubectl get svc
# kubectl apply -f redis.yaml
# kubectl delete svc redis-svc

ClusterIP(集群内)

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: redis-pod
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 6379
      targetPort: 6379

NodePort(集群外)

kubectl apply -f redis.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: redis-pod
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 6379
      nodePort: 32379
      targetPort: 6379

pods

# kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/deployment.yaml
# wget https://k8s.io/examples/application/deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
# kubectl delete deployment nginx-deployment
# kubectl delete pods nginx-deployment-86dcfdf4c6-5d47c
-.OR.-
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=8180

ctr

ctr version
ctr namespaces ls
ctr container list
ctr images pull docker.io/library/nginx:alpine      # pull 镜像文件
# 本地 https 仓库
ctr images pull -k 192.168.0.242:8000/tongrds-center:latest
ctr images tag 192.168.0.242:8000/tongrds-center:latest tongrds-center
ctr images delete 192.168.0.242:8000/tongrds-center:latest

# ctr image import postgres.tar                     # import 本地镜像
ctr images list                                     # 

ctr run -d docker.io/library/nginx:alpine nginx     # run
ctr container list

crictl

# 单节点可见
crictl pull bitnami/milvus
crictl image

Error

node NotReady

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

dorisfe1   NotReady   <none>                 8s     v1.28.2

registry.mirrors

即将删除的配置项

WARN[0000] DEPRECATION: The `mirrors` property of `[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]` is deprecated since containerd v1.5 and will be removed in containerd v2.0. Use `config_path` instead.

kubectl get node

节点需要 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

E0325 16:13:46.489435   14081 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused

crictl info

# /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 2
debug: false
pull-image-on-create: false
disable-pull-on-run: false

E0326 10:15:02.860305    3920 remote_runtime.go:616] "Status from runtime service failed" err="rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: Error while dialing dial unix /var/run/dockershim.sock: connect: no such file or directory\""